The working principle of the single-stage gas generator is a device that uses coal as raw material to produce gas for use in gas equipment. The solid raw coal is added from the top of the furnace and moves downward with the operation. While meeting the gasification agent entering from the bottom of the furnace in counter-current, it is heated by the high-temperature gas of the fuel layer at the bottom of the furnace, causing physical and chemical reactions to produce crude gas. This crude gas can be directly used by combustion equipment after coarse dust removal. This forms several areas in the furnace, generally called "layers".

According to the procedure of gasification process, it can beSingle stage gas generatorThe interior is divided into six layers: (1) ash layer; (2) oxidation layer (also called fire layer); (3) reduction layer; (4) carbonization layer; (5) drying layer; (6) empty layer. The oxidation layer and reduction layer are collectively called the reaction layer, and the carbonization layer and the drying layer are collectively called the coal preparation layer.

(1) Ash and slag layer: After coal is burned, ash and slag are produced to form an ash and slag layer, which is in the lower part of the furnace body and covers the grate. Its main functions are: to protect the grate and wind cap from being burned by the high temperature of the oxide layer; to preheat the gasification agent. After the gasification agent enters from the bottom of the furnace, it first undergoes heat exchange through the ash and slag layer to reduce the temperature of the ash and slag layer and increase the temperature of the gasification agent; the ash and slag layer also plays a role in air distribution, so that the incoming gasification agent is distributed as evenly as possible in the furnace.

(2) Oxide layer: The oxygen in the gasifying agent rising from the ash burns violently with carbon to generate carbon dioxide and releases a large amount of heat. It is one of the main areas in the gasification process. The height of the oxide layer is generally 3-4 times the size of all fuels. The temperature of the gasification layer is generally lower than the ash melting point of coal.

(3) Reduction layer: Above the oxide layer is the reduction layer. Red-hot carbon has a strong ability to snatch oxygen from oxides and combine with it, so in the reduction layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor are reduced by carbon. This layer is also named for this reason, called the reduction layer.

(4) Retorting layer: It is to separate the compounds produced by heating substances such as volatile matter and tar in coal, and then enter the reduction for chemical reaction.

(5) Drying layer: The drying layer is located above the carbonization layer, which is the surface layer of the fuel. It mainly evaporates the water in the coal.

(6) Empty layer: The empty layer is the upper part of the fuel layer and the free area in the furnace body. Its main function is to collect gas.

From the brief description of the above six layers, it can be seen that the gasification process in a single-stage gas generator is relatively complex, including gasification reaction, carbonization and drying processes.