Let’s discuss the problem of reducing tar content in biomass gasification equipment.
As a renewable energy source, biomass gasification has good development prospects. However, due to the high tar content in the crude gas produced by gasifiers and the lack of treatment methods, it has become a major obstacle to the promotion of this technology in rural areas. Small household biomass gasification devices often use updraft gasifiers, which have higher tar content than downdraft gasifiers. Since tar accounts for 5%-15% of the total energy of crude gas, if it is not treated, it will have a significant adverse impact on the environment and gasification efficiency.
Currently, there are two types of available technologies for controlling tar content in gasification units: one is the cracking method, and the other is the ordinary method. The cracking method is divided into thermal cracking and catalytic cracking, which decomposes tar into small molecular combustible gases by providing higher temperatures and other conditions; ordinary tar removal can be divided into two types: wet method and dry method.
1. Thermal cracking method to reduce tar content.
Converting tar into combustible gas through cracking method can not only increase the gasification efficiency, but also reduce the tar content in the gas and solve the harmful impact of tar on the environment and equipment operation.
2. Catalytic cracking method to reduce tar content.
Thermal cracking of tar requires very high temperatures, but if the tar is catalytically cracked with the help of certain catalysts, not only can the tar cracking temperature be reduced to 750-900e, but the cracking efficiency can also be increased. Therefore, catalytic cracking is currently a promising technology for reducing tar content. The principle of biomass tar cracking is similar to the catalytic cracking of petroleum.
The presence of water vapor can also play an important role in the catalytic cracking process. Water vapor can react with certain tar components to generate gases such as CO and H2, which not only reduces the production of carbon black, but also increases gas production.
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